IT network: basics, types & documentation

The most important thing in brief:

In today's digital working world, a IT network the backbone of every corporate IT. But what exactly is behind it? How does an IT network work, what types are there, and what do IT managers have to do when setting up and IT network documentation pay attention? In this article, we answer all important questions and show you in a practical way how you can not only understand your network IT, but also manage it efficiently.

IT network definition: What is an IT network?

A IT network is a combination of several devices such as servers, computers, printers and network components (e.g. switches, routers) that communicate with each other and exchange data. The aim of such a network is to share resources and provide central services such as e-mail, file storage or Internet access.

A distinction is made between local area networks (LAN), wide networks (WAN) and modern cloud-based networks. You can find out more about this at network topology.

IT network basics: components and functionality

A stable IT network is based on several basic components:

• network hardware: switches, routers, firewalls, access points
• terminal devices: servers, PCs, mobile devices, printers
• network protocols: e.g. TCP/IP for data transfer
• Wiring or WiFi

A network works via structured data transmission. Routers forward data packets, switches connect devices on the local network, and firewalls protect the system from external threats. A network map is essential for overview and maintenance.

How does an IT network work in practice?

A simple example: An accounting employee accesses a file on the central file server. The request is routed from the PC via the switch to the server via the local area network (LAN). At the same time, the firewall ensures that there is no unauthorized access from outside. This interaction makes it possible to use data efficiently and securely.

IT network types at a glance

Depending on the size of the company and requirements, the following types are distinguished:

• LAN (local area network): Within a location
• WAN (wide area network): Cross-location connection, e.g. via VPN
• WiFi (wireless LAN): Wireless networks within a building
• cloud networks: Resources are provided via the Internet

The choice of network type significantly influences the IT security in the network.

IT security in the network: Protection starts with the structure

With increasing digitization, the threats to IT networks. A secure network should include at least the following measures:

• Segmentation of networks (e.g. guest network)
• Strong authentication mechanisms
• Regular security updates
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

Particularly important here is also the Inventory of network structureto quickly identify weak points.

Build an IT network — but the right way

A Build up an IT network means much more than just connecting devices together. It's about a scalable, secure and sustainable infrastructure to create that meets business needs today and tomorrow. A structured structure is crucial, especially in times of hybrid work models, increasing security requirements and growing IT complexity. Here are the key stages in detail:

1. Analysis of requirements

Before you start technical planning, you should first clarify the framework conditions:

• How many users and devices Will work on the network?
• Which Applications and services Do they need to be available (e.g. email, VoIP, ERP systems)?
• Are there any special requirements for Bandwidth, availability, or redundancy?
• Which Safety guidelines must be complied with (e.g. ISO 27001, BSI basic protection)?

A common mistake in practice: The network is planned for current needs, but future expansions are not taken into account. Docusnap helps you analyze existing structures and make well-founded decisions for a new network design.

2. Design and planning

Based on the analysis, the technical planning, which should cover in particular the following aspects:

• Selecting the appropriate topology (star, ring, tree structure, etc.)
• Decision on Cabling, WLAN zones and backbone structures
• Definition of IP address concepts and subnets
• Choosing the appropriate network components (routers, switches, firewalls, access points)

A well-thought-out design not only increases performance, but also significantly facilitates maintenance and troubleshooting. For the graphical representation of your network structure Docusnap provides an automated function for Network plan creation.

3. Documentation and visualization

A key success factor when setting up a network is complete IT network documentation. Ideally, this should start during planning — not just afterwards. advantages:

• Clear overview of all components, connections and dependencies
• Basis for emergency plans and IT security audits
• Assistance with maintenance, support and license management

With Docusnap, you can create comprehensive IT network plans, topology diagrams and connection overviews — agentless and fully automated. Read more about Network documentation.

4. Installation and configuration

Now it's practical: hardware is purchased, installed and configured. The following applies here:

• Set up a physical network infrastructure (cables, patch panels, racks) in a structured manner
• Configure switches and routers as per design
• Set up firewalls and security zones correctly
• Start up network services (DHCP, DNS, VLANs)

5. Test and ongoing maintenance

Once up and running, the new network should be tested comprehensively:

• Are all connections and services working as planned?
• Are there any performance or routing issues?
• Are all security mechanisms active?

Maintenance also starts from day one: Networks are dynamic systems. New devices, updates, restructuring — it's all part of everyday life.

Tip: Do you have a new job and need to get an overview of the new IT network as quickly as possible? With a solution such as Docusnap for new IT networks The structure is not only structured, but also future-proof.

IT network documentation: Why it is essential

Die Network IT documentation is more than just a nice-to-have. It is a prerequisite for:

• Efficient troubleshooting
• License and asset management
• Evidence of compliance
• Infrastructure scalability

With Docusnap for network documentation automate the recording of your IT infrastructure — completely without agents, but with a maximum overview.

Conclusion: A well-thought-out IT network is the key to secure and efficient IT

A well-planned and documented IT network is not just a technical necessity, but a competitive advantage. From basics to security to inventory: Only who their IT networks understands and systematically manages, can exist in the digital world. With support from solutions such as Docusnap, you not only secure your infrastructure, but also gain valuable time in everyday IT life.